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CEGHIJKLMNOPQR S_$b$ H?k";HwGb$1_3wR}"wwGR$M~~|\)~Wb$ !# 0e0e     A@ A1 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'pA)BCD|E|| \;!3nF*w:(=@D8 g4KdKd@:A 0lppp@ <4!d!dl$ 03R<4ddddl$ 03RG ʚ;_8ʚ;<4ddddlT# 0Xg4KdKd@:A 0Hp p0F0___PPT10 pp___PPT9/ 0L<HIJ?, 1O ;O:Linking Networks of Community Practice, Policy & Research:;; A Framework for Participatory Action Research & Development Dr. Peter Day School of Computing, Mathematical & Information Sciences Faculty of Management & Information SciencesV<du< B@fB_LPresentation outline   3 Fold: Consider conceptual & practical linkages between Community practice Community policy Community research Normative framework of democratic design criteria Introduce research project`1" :M" 1:M    kV You beauty!!!   dQSomething to ponder It is not enough to expect the location of ICTs in public places to meet community need. Large amounts of resources and energy are often invested in public access with little consideration given to the broader social context  SEThe Lushai Hills Metaphor  Allegory Rosenbrock, H., (1990) Machines with a purpose. Oxford: Oxford University Press In our deliberations - what might be considered as such an alternative pathway? How might this metaphor be of use to us? Experiences & lessons from this tripH dN!  UGA synergistic trilogy  NA Importance of community practice! Method For promoting policies that encourage the planning, building and sustainability of healthy communities Theory That assists in providing an understanding of the interrelationship between the people, groups, organizations and activities that contribute to community life TggOBCommunity practiceA generic term that describes: The sustained involvement of paid community workers A broad range of professionals who are increasingly using community work methods in their work Managerial attempts at reviewing, restructuring and relocating services to encourage community access and involvement in the planning and delivery of services The efforts of self-managed community groups themselves (Glen, 1993, 22)N!d8Pd2:ddcP"3 approaches to community practice#"Community services Developing community organisations & services Community development Promoting community self-help & empowerment Community action Representation and promotion of collective interests .,5.,5RDCommunity ICT Practice" Community services (done to) Provision of online information services, public access centres, low cost ICT provision schemes, and learning programmes Community development (done with) Capacity building stimulate dialogue, collaboration and mutuality to strengthen social capital Community planning or design of ICT initiatives Community action (done by) Community communicative action, e.g. Community Networks and Community/Indy Media initiatives zd%ad0^dz$O0     ^aNPolicy - help or hindrance?Policy can create an environment that either blocks or assists the building of healthy communities By developing an understanding of local need it is possible to develop policies and partnerships that are meaningful and relevant to people in their communities Pdd]KChanging culture & mindsets   Understanding that the language of  best practice isn t suited to community Knowledge about community cultures and needs is required to facilitate such changes...this means engaging in meaningful dialogue The processes of data/information collection, classification and analysis to enable the augmentation of understanding community practice and policy is the responsibility of research More specifically, it is the responsibility of those researchers, both academics and practitioners, who form the emerging field of community communication technology research  commonly known as community informatics (cdaBB c nW$Bridging Policy, Practice & Research %$Practice - what really happens in communities on day to day basis - real life! Policy - sets the conditions that influence community environment Research provides insights into, and explanations of, community events, processes and relationshipsNdH=\VH7Democratic principles for community technology practice88  8 CTIs must be grounded in local community values The goals, activities, services and outcomes of CTIs should meet the needs of the community In addition to providing a wide range of community services, CTIs should stimulate and promote both community development and community action Contribute to a public space for shared communication Recognize and celebrate cultural diversity Promote self-actualisation Develop a sense of community identity with, and ownership of, CTIs"   YI5Democratic principles for community technology policy66  6 rAvoid policies that establish authoritarian or elitist social relations. Encourage participatory community action Invest in social capital Stimulate the social fabric, or core values, of the local community as well the local economy. Promote cross-sectoral or tripartite partnerships Facilitate collaborative interaction and exchange within and between communities. s" s s [J7Democratic principles for community technology research88  8 How is research of significance to community? Communities should be involved in all stages of research design, implementation and analysis The processes and outcomes of community research should be of benefit to community life and address community need Where possible, partnerships developed between researchers and communities should extend beyond the life of the project Communities see a lot of traditional social science research as being abstract and irrelevant ," BB  oX$The appeal of community technologies%%  % 6Within a community practice context, the appeal of community communication technology  lies not in the technology or even the information they provide access to, but with the interactions and exchanges between people that it facilitates. In other words, it is the potential for supporting communication in and between communities that makes community communication technology initiatives socially significant. 6d  @6MCNA - Community Network Analysis & ICTs: Bridging and building community ties N) % ESRC/ DTI funded project PACCIT Research Programme - People At the Centre of Communication & Information Technology Project No. RES-328-25-0012 Project Team - Collaborative partnership UoB, SCIP & participating communities  a  $;2Project research aims(8Community design processes as participatory engagement99  9 Community activity by people that share common interests and respect their diversity Community involvement central to identifying community need Contribution to building community capacity to develop the skills to manage & develop community lifePd2   Community Network AnalysisParticipatory Action Research project Initial introductory phase Enter into dialogue with communities Pre-assessment & awareness raising Community taster days ^BPd2dd%  H0%D $ J=Community Network Analysis3 Distinct but interrelated development & research phases: Community profiling/asset based mapping & social network analysis Participatory learning workshops Community communications space prototyping & developmentP;dd" 3ed; Phase 1 Community Profiling Auditing & mapping techniques, e.g. Kretzmann & McKnight s ABCD + Greer & Hale s Community Analysis Information & communications needs analysis Social Network Analysis Analysis of community network relationships People and organisations are connected within and beyond the locality Intra and inter community connectivity (social) Patterns of information and communication flows & forms of media How ICTs influence these links & relationships (if they do)dPd2!   Phase 2 pParticipatory learning workshops (PLWs) ICT learning environments - Something more than just training From -  OK I/we can use the Internet& & how does this contribute towards my/our community? Capacity building Not just to use ICT but to critically consider how they might contribute To building, supporting & sustaining community networking & social capital Building & managing community To   How can we use ICT in & for OUR community? gPd2ZPd2Pd2Pd22Pd2'#ZJK" Phase 3 Community communications prototype Community needs meets systems design Designers, who will be drawn from both technology experts (Uni & SCIP) and community participants, will be involved in project from Day 1 We have budgeted for a range of applications but wish to avoid pre-judging community need Participatory action research informing participatory design & development Method as tool for both knowledge and community developmentH#Pd2Pd2"=4!Social network analysis questions'1 Who communicates with whom (social tie composition)? 2 What about (content of ties and relations, composition of ties)? 3 Which media are selected for information transfer or communications (a) to whom and (b) about what? 4 Does the selection of media affect the nature of ties and relations over time? 5 Does the selection of media affect content? 6 Do ties and relations cross media lines? 7 Which kinds of participants maintain ties via multiple media, and which communicate by means of single media, and what influences the decisions to do so? Z&Pd2bb4bbA  bdbbO b  b ,$$(b((b(),,0b00b0444444&  8 Who are central to and isolated from the networks maintained by different media? 9 What are the roles of network members? 10 Are patterns of network density clustering apparent (evidence of potential groups/cliques or bonding links)? 11 What patterns, if any, of outward ties and relations exist (bridging links bringing non-community information, knowledge and resources into the community) 12 How do ICTs impact on bonding and bridging links? 13 Do ICTs impact on community (network) boundary formation? Pd2bbQbb'  bbmbb b 2$$(b(9,,,,,, hTThanks for listening To discuss this presentation or related issues, please contact me at: p.day@btinternet.comeR5What do we mean by community? (3 interrelated senses)66 Something in common Community values solidarity - inspires affection & loyalty through mutuality and co-operation participation - individuals contribute to and engage in collective life & aspirations of community coherence - connect individual & community & understanding of self and social world Active community - e.g. groups, orgs. & networks Valorise diversity%dD$ ?R F l fS In summary   Community = an active group, or groups, of people with something in common, who, from a shared value-base, valorise diversity & work to improve the quality of life for the collective and individual alike. Requires shared value base with policy (d( gUK>Personal details  Co-director community technology research SEAKE Centre @ University of Brighton Visiting Senior Research Fellow @ CQU Director Sussex Community Internet Project (SCIP) Co-author of IBM/CDF commissioned  Down-to-Earth or COMMIT report PhD in field of Community Informatics Digital City evaluator  OSI Europe Co-Chair CIRN Former Eastbourne Borough Councillor & community activist}d}| /WXZ\^ijlm P ` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3>?" dd@$3ez?" d@3e "  @@ n?" dd@   @@``@n?" dd@  @@``P@ ` p@@-K0 PH``(  ` `  ` xaxa1 ?0` R RClick here to edit slide title @ ` Z^xaxa1 ?v& R RClick to edit Master text styles Second Level Third Level Fourth Level Fifth Level!     Sd ` <1?x& B ` s *޽h ? P JCommunity Practice in Network Society 0 [S@(  A  Z@xaxa1 ?p `  SClick to edit Master notes styles Second Level Third Level Fourth Level Fifth Level"     Tp  01 ?  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Each draws from, contributes to and sustains the others in a network of community services, actions, relationships, communication and outcomes.ZZ3e Z 2 #  fG^H`I31?"`~2 (  f5 GI*H19I1?"` @2 )  f>GHg+I/1?"`4  , Z4t 1?%  `Community PracticeE3e   . Z~ 1?   ^Community PolicyE3e   / Z` 1?  `Community ResearchE3e  H  0޽h ? P___PPT10..i)1+̫ʅDO' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*"%(+8+0+" +- -K0 <4(  ~  s *$`0`   ~  s *`v&    B3f1?"`i@B 0B 0  B3f1?"` p@B 0B 0H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +q -K0 x(  ~  s *`0`     c $̨`     R  B3f1?"`X@ A Y@~B 0B 0H  0޽h ? Py___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + -K0 ph(  ~  s *Ю`0`     s *̯`6<$D 0  H  0޽h ? Py___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + -K0 0b(  ~  s *`0.     c $`@<$f  0  H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + -K0 P<(  ~  s *`0`   ~  s *\`P&   H  0޽h ? Py___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + -K0 $(  r  S `0`   r  S \`F  H  0޽h ? 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Py___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +@ -K0 h(  ~  s *`0`     s *`Xwa <$f  0  H  0޽h ? ̙33X -K0 (  ~  s *`0`     c $`<$f  0  *MPqrH  0޽h ? ̙33: -K0 b(  ~  s *l`0`     c $h` <$f  0  H  0޽h ? ̙33 -K0  {   (   2   0D3"`*h  F\;    s *3"`_   aCommunity development 2\;     s *3"` < +Involvement of more people & organisations*, 2+\;\; , ^B   6Dj j _ &   s *#3"` U  rInvolvement of  involvement ready people & organisations: 2:\; :    s *'3"`r p"The planning process -early stages# 2#F\; #    s **3"` v ~ `The local population 2\;     s *03"`L  kImplementation - early stages 2F\;  ^B   6DxnK^B   6Dx77 ^B   6D     s *53"` g q#The planning process - later stages$ 2$F\; $ ^B   6Dj j    s *93"`&s{ |0Implementation - later stages 1 21\; 1 dB   <D]}^B   6Db   s *>3"`X E PTime 2\;  ^B   6D:   s *B3"` u%Involving citizens & community groups &(2&E\; & H   0޽h ? ̙33 -K0 $(  r  S XG`0`   r  S G`(  H  0޽h ? P___PPT10i.Ȍ+D=' = @B +H 0 (    # lxaxa1 ?p `   "    B1 ?   H  0eP ? a(zH 0 (  X  C      S @op ``  H@___PPT9" <Their planning, design, implementation and ongoing development should therefore be undertaken through processes of community engagement. Identified through sustained and meaningful dialogue. The needs and interests of the marginalised and socially excluded should form an important element here. With a view to empowering communities to identify and, where possible, address their own needs That facilitates inter and intra community conviviality. Opinions, beliefs, values, cultures and norms, whilst avoiding actions and behaviour that promote intolerance and disrespect. Designing, implementing & developing activities and services that stimulate life-long learning and active citizenship in the community. 0"   H  0eP ? a(80___PPT10.P> 0  (  X  C      S p `   " H  0eP ? a(80___PPT10.> I 0  (  X  C      S p ``  H@___PPT9" ^Nothing for this line In pursuit of community goals and promote CTI autonomy. By harnessing the indigenous knowledge and creativity that exists in communities, focusing on common community interests and concerns and promoting open dialogue and reciprocal knowledge sharing. Schuler s six core values of community (conviviality and culture, education, strong democracy, health and human services, economic equity, opportunity and sustainability, and information and communication (1996) can provide some useful structure in this dialogue. That facilitate meaningful engagement with community groups and organizations based on equanimity of power and mutual respect. Communities are dynamic and active social structures that are both the progenitor and recipient of a range of services, products, activities, etc. ./" / 0 H  0eP ? a(80___PPT10.) J 0   " (  X  C      S p `T  <4___PPT9 rResearch provides insights and explanations into & of events in the community environment and issues arising out of these. Also By teaching a range of research and learning skills/techniques  communities can become empowered enough to apply for funding & undertake research projects that address community needs that they themselves have identified. Nothing for this line Nothing for this line The broadening of community/university partnerships to include community service learning approaches and the opening of a public dialogue to consider the role of universities as accessible community assets is essential. Although it may not be obvious to all academics, nearly all university departments could adopt at least some CTI research without losing sight of their principal orientation. Community research can, through community engagement, be shaped and targeted to ensure relevance and appropriateness to the issues of the community environment. (" "   H  0eP ? a(80___PPT10.gbBK 0 R(  X  C      S dp `   T,In and between community practice and policy - H  0eP ? a(80___PPT10.0p@ S 0  (  d  c $,4     s *4n /1B   zClearly, this is a complex sociological task and I cover this question in some detail in my paper& .so to save time I present a working definition Of course, it s NB to remember that this is a normative statement - a fairly  rosy picture - the potential for conflict & disagreement also exists in communities It is also worth noting that no one community is exactly the same. Therefore, no one community ICT initiative will be the same& .there will be commonalities or similarities but there will also be differences& ..and on a personal note it is in this diversity& .that the richest and most interesting aspects of this field of study exist! However, whatever the type of community ICT initiative, they all contribute to what I call community ICT practice. By this I mean something more than the practices of local communities - contributory factors - consider role of policy & community professionals6b1  H  0eP ? ̙33U 0 D<$(  $d $ c $,4   0 $ s *n /1B   FCDF  Involvement model - give a few moments for them to take this in& .. Relate to B&H CIN& & but before I do, please note!!!!! Not talking advanced architectures or Next Generation Community Networks - we re talking about what Doug refers to as the  Digital Divide or people that are socially excluded& ..most of whom haven t even turned a computer on before, let alone built a web page or considered the complexities of CSCW I ve referred to then already but I want to stress the NB of community groups & citizens in this process. Continue& & .H$/  $ H $ 0eP ? ̙33( E 0   48 (  4X 4 C     4 S T p `   :Climbing upwards in this way, one would reach a fork where two streams joined, and a choice had to be made. No reliable information could be obtained from the map, and no general overview was possible to guide the choice, which was based only on what could be seen within a few yards, or on any general predisposition to go towards the right or the left& & Having climbed high up the side of the valley, one would pause and camp for the night& & Then it was possible to feel a sense of achievement: to have climbed so high and to be able to look back over the lower country out of which one had come. And it was easy to believe that all the choices, which had been made along the way were justified by the outcome, and were the only right choices to be made. This self-congratulation might have of course been quite unwarranted. Some other route might have led to still higher ground, and done so more easily. But if so, the knowledge was hidden, and the complacency uncontradicted. (Rosenbrock, 1990:123-124). ,Z   H 4 0eP ? a(80___PPT10.@IQ 0 8 (  8X 8 C     8 S p `   " H 8 0eP ? a(80___PPT10.r0jmnw;=\@DbJ `N 7lR U(M&sac1~+mcv7g!âYGm#oaOh+'0|U4@ \h    Faculty templateeacu Graeme DawesateraeHFaculty of Information Technology PowerPoint template V2.0, 10.06.1997acuStewart Marshallati181Microsoft PowerPoint 4.0chn@2gK@@WVv@ljQ  GSg  )'    """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3ff333f333333333f33333333f33f3ff3f3f3f3333f33̙33333f333333f3333f3ffffff3f33ff3f3f3f3fff3ffffffffff3ffff̙fff3fffff3fff333f3f3ff3ff33f̙̙3̙ff̙̙̙3f̙3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3f3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3ffffffffff!___www4'A x(xKʦ """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙33333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffff3fffffff3f̙ffff3ff333f3ff33fff33f3ff̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3ffffffffff!___wwwûݽ޼sJmnmnrmrmmmImnmflnsmmmssCmnsns™ݼ⽼޽޼⽼ݼݼ½ݒlm¶nms˜ݼջݻ⼻ϳg׵ܻϭgfgff׵ϋflffffffffmgffffffgf`ff`fffffffffffffffffϴּüffffffefffgffffgfffgԴؒggffffffgffffgffffffffgfϭmggf`fffffffffggfffffgügffff`fffgmffffffgfgffgfmf`ffffffffffffffgggfffffffgfflfgf޵gfff`ffffffgfglfgϵݽgffflgggf`fgggffffmgfffffgջⓌgfffffgffgflgޯgllmf`ffffffffϴgflffgffffgfmϴݮgfgffffffݻhmgffffffffgfg׍gfgffffffgffgffffϭϰhݵծggfffff`gfffffռގҶϴφmfffffϳݽյggffffffgfgϳҼݺִggfffffffԳݵջܰggfffffffϴ޷⼮gggffffgfffԴgffffffϻggfffffϻðhgfffϳݵggfgýhgγ݂gggϳϳgִϴݓgݺõݴݍhԭݴ׮ջݶ՜.+,D՜.+,d    On-screen Show- { &Times New Roman45 Helvetica LightArialPalatino LinotypeSymbol Helvetica&Community Practice in Network Society;Linking Networks of Community Practice, Policy & Research:Presentation outlineYou beauty!!!Something to ponderThe Lushai Hills MetaphorA synergistic trilogy!Importance of community practiceCommunity practice#3 approaches to community practiceCommunity ICT PracticePolicy - help or hindrance?Changing culture & mindsets%Bridging Policy, Practice & Research8Democratic principles for community technology practice6Democratic principles for community technology policy8Democratic principles for community technology research%The appeal of community technologiesNCNA - Community Network Analysis & ICTs: Bridging and building community tiesProject research aims9Community design processes as participatory engagementCommunity Network AnalysisCommunity Network AnalysisPhase 1Phase 2Phase 3"Social network analysis questionsThanks for listening6What do we mean by community? (3 interrelated senses) In summary Slide 30Personal details  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles  8@ _PID_HLINKSA -1,-1,LAST270,15,Phase 1 -1,-1,PREV -1,-1,NEXT)336,9,3 approaches to community practice(_$ Stewart MarshallStewart Marshall  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnoprstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-.012345689:;<=>CRoot EntrydO)PicturesCurrent User7SummaryInformation(UPowerPoint Document(q$DocumentSummaryInformation8/